The RFID- Handbook contains all information about RFID, Radio Frequency Identification, Transponder, RFID Tag, RFID Reader, 14443, 15693, 18000, GTAG, EPC, Antenna, ... |
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| Frequency RangesBecause RFID systems generate and radiate electromagnetic waves, they are justifiably classified as radio systems. The function of other radio services must under no circumstances be disrupted or impaired by the operation of RFID systems. It is particularly important to ensure that RFID systems do not interfere with nearby radio and television, mobile radio services (police, security services, industry), marine and
aeronautical radio services and mobile telephones. The need to exercise care with regard to other radio services significantly restricts the range of suitable operating frequencies available to an RFID system. For this reason, it is usually only possible to use frequency ranges that have been reserved specifically for industrial, scientific or medical applications or for short range devices. These are the frequencies classified worldwide as ISM frequency ranges
(Industrial-Scientific-Medical) or SRD frequency ranges, and they can also be used for RFID applications.
Frequency ranges for RFID-Systems |
frequency range | comment | allowed fieldstrength / transmission power | |
< 135 kHz | low frequency, inductive coupling | 72 dBµA/m max | 3.155 ... 3.400 MHz | EAS | 13.5 dBµA/m | 6.765 .. 6.795 MHz | medium frequency (ISM), inductive coupling | 42 dBµA/m | 7.400 .. 8.800 MHz | medium frequency, used for EAS (electronic article surveilance) only | 9 dBµA/m | 13.553 .. 13.567 MHz | medium frequency (13.56 MHz, ISM), inductive coupling, wide spread usage for contactless smartcards (ISO 14443, MIFARE, LEGIC, ...), smartlabels (ISO 15693, Tag-It, I-Code, ...) and item management (ISO 18000-3). |
60(!) dBµA/m | 26.957 .. 27.283 MHz | medium frequency (ISM), inductive coupling, special applications only | 42 dBµA/m | 433 MHz | UHF (ISM), backscatter coupling, rarely used for RFID | 10 .. 100 mW | 865 .. 868 MHz | UHF (RFID only), Listen before talk | 100 mW ERP
Europe only |
865.6 .. 867.6 MHz | UHF (RFID only), Listen before talk | 2W ERP (=3.8W EIRP)
Europe only | 865.6 .. 868 MHz | UHF (SRD), backscatter coupling, new frequency, systems under developement | 500 mW ERP,
Europe only | 902 .. 928 MHz | UHF (SRD), backscatter coupling, several systems | 4 W EIRP - spread spectrum, USA/Canada only | 2.400 .. 2.483 GHz |
SHF (ISM), backscatter coupling, several systems, | 4 W - spread spectrum, USA/Canada only | 2.446 .. 2.454 GHz | SHF (RFID and AVI (automatic vehicle identification)) |
0.5 W EIRP outdoor
4 W EIRP, indoor | 5.725 .. 5.875 GHz | SHF (ISM), backscatter coupling, rarely used for RFID | 4 W USA/Canada,
500 mW Europe |
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Picture: Frequency-ranges used for RFID-systems shown with the corresponding field strength and power levels. Radio RegulationThe standards drawn up by the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) serve to provide the national telecommunications authorities with a basis for the creation of national regulations for the administration of radio and telecommunications.
for more information about radio regulation please have a look at “Standardization”
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| | | last update:
02 Dezember, 2011 |
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